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Explain advantages (benefits) of DBMS over file management  system. OR Explain purpose of database system. Minimal Data Redundancy (Duplication)    Due to centralized database, it is possible to avoid unnecessary duplication of  information.  This leads to reduce data redundancy.  It prevents memory wastage and reduces extra processing time to get required data. Shared Data  All authorized user and application program can share database easily. Data Consistency  Data inconsistency occurs due to data redundancy.  With reduced data redundancy such type of data inconsistency can be eliminated.  This results in improved data consistency. Data Access  DBMS utilizes a variety of techniques to retrieve data.   Required data can be retrieved by providing appropriate query to the DBMS.  Thus, data can be accessed in convenient and efficient manner. Data Integrity  Data in database must be correct and consistent.  So, data stored in database must satisfy certain ty...

  //linked list #include <stdio.h> struct node {   int data;   struct node *link; }; struct node *root; void main() {   int a,x;   while ( 1 ) {     printf ( "\n1:add\n" );   printf ( " 2 :display\n" );   printf ( " 3 :delete\n" );   printf ( " 4 :length\n" );   printf ( " 5 :exit\n" );   scanf ( "%d" ,&a);     switch (a)   {     case 1 :add();            break ;     case 2 : display();             break ;     case 3 : delete();             break ;     case 4 : x=length();             printf ( "length=%d\n" ,x);             break ; ...